RSTP

802.1w enhances 802.1d (STP) New variations on BPDUs (uses undefined bits, just like RLQ) New port states New port roles Backwards compatible

=Speed=

Only 3 missed Hellos (as opposed to 10) Bypasses Listening state Standardization of Portfast, Uplinkfast and Backbonefast Backup designed ports

=Link Types=

Point-to-point - Switch to another switch (backbonefast) Shared - Connected to hub Edge - Single end-user device (portfast)

=Port States=

Discarding - Disabled, Blocking, Listening Learning Forwarding

=RSTP Roles=

Root Designated Alternate Backup - Backup designated port

=Per-VLAN (RPVST)=

Same advantages of PVST

config# spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst config-if# spanning-tree link-type point-to-point